Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that
phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal …

Gastric cancer remains a major unmet clinical problem with over 1 million new cases
worldwide. It is the fourth most commonly occurring cancer in men and the seventh most …

The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays
important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as …

Chemotherapy remains a powerful tool to eliminate malignant cells. However, the efficacy of
chemotherapy is compromised by the frequent emergence of intrinsic and acquired …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. It is categorized into
various subtypes, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) representing about 85% of all RCC tumors …

Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels and
has been characterized as an essential process for tumor cell proliferation and viability. This …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant cause of the failure of cancer chemotherapy.
The design of antitumor drugs that are able to evade MDR is rapidly evolving, showing that …