Understanding global communications among cells requires accurate representation of cell-
cell signaling links and effective systems-level analyses of those links. We construct a …

Microplastics in the environment produced by decomposition of globally increasing waste
plastics have become a dominant component of both water and air pollution. To examine the …

Metastatic lung cancer is one of the leading causes of high mortality worldwide. Here, an in-
vivo mimicking 3D-lung-cancer-on-a-chip (IVM3DLCOC) model is introduced, developed …

Heterogeneity among isogenic cells/individuals has been known for at least 150 years. Even
Mendel, working on pea plants, realized that not all tall plants were identical. However …

Epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity implies that cells within the same tumor can exhibit
different phenotypes—epithelial, mesenchymal, or one or more hybrid epithelial …

Once considered a waste product of anaerobic cellular metabolism, lactate has been
identified as a critical regulator of tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. The …

The discovery of new highly effective anticancer drugs with few side effects is a challenge for
drug development research. Natural or synthetic anticancer peptides (ACPs) represent a …

Spheroids and organoids have attracted significant attention as innovative models for
disease modeling and drug screening. By employing diverse types of spheroids or …

The combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed remains the gold standard chemotherapy for
malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), although resistance and poor response pose a …

Scientists are using in vitro methods to answer important research questions and
implementing strategies to maximize the reliability and human relevance of these methods …