Renewable sources of electricity, such as solar and wind, need to be paired with sources of
reliable baseload. Hydropower is a renewable, low‐emission source of electricity baseload …

Hydrology plays a central role in applied and fundamental environmental sciences, but it is
well known to suffer from an overwhelming diversity of models, particularly to simulate …

The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral
element of high mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population …

About 50% of all hydropower plants (HPPs) worldwide were originally commissioned more
than 40 years ago, so that the advanced age of the fleet is a major concern across all …

In Alpine regions, future changes in glacier and snow cover are expected to change runoff
regimes towards higher winter but lower summer discharge. The low summer discharge will …

Accelerating glacier melt rates were observed during the last decades. Substantial ice loss
occurs particularly during heat waves that are expected to intensify in the future. Because …

Stream temperature and discharge are key hydrological variables for ecosystem and water
resource management and are particularly sensitive to climate warming. Despite the wealth …

Accurate knowledge of the ice thickness distribution and glacier bed topography is essential
for predicting dynamic glacier changes and the future developments of downstream …

Alpine catchments show a high sensitivity to climate variation as they include the elevation
range of the snow line. Therefore, the correct representation of climate variables and their …

Glaciers play a crucial role in the Earth System: they are important water suppliers to lower‐
lying areas during hot and dry periods, and they are major contributors to the observed …