The notion that prolonged, intense exercise causes an “open window” of immunodepression
during recovery after exercise is well accepted. Repeated exercise bouts or intensified …

Background Probiotics are live micro‐organisms that may give a beneficial physiological
effect when administered in adequate amounts. Some trials show that probiotic strains can …

Strenuous exercise bouts and heavy training are associated with a heightened anti-
inflammatory state and a transient suppression of several immune components. In turn …

Aims It is unknown whether different training modalities exert differential cellular effects.
Telomeres and telomere-associated proteins play a major role in cellular aging with …

There is robust evidence which shows that consuming protein pre-and/or post-workout
induces a significant rise in muscle protein synthesis. It should be noted, however, that total …

This review outlines recent advancements in the understanding of athlete immune health.
Controversies discussed include whether high levels of athletic training and environmental …

Recovery from the demands of daily training is an essential element of a scientifically based
periodized program whose twin goals are to maximize training adaptation and enhance …

Exercise training has a profound impact on immunity, exerting a multitude of positive effects
in indications such as immunosenescence, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory …

Acute exercise evokes an almost instantaneous lymphocytosis, followed by sustained
lymphopenia that occurs within just 30–60 min after exercise cessation. The aim of this study …

Introduction: The effects of aerobic exercise on the immune system are not yet fully defined
in the scientific literature. This fact demonstrates the need to investigate its influence on …