This research aims to discuss the utilization of crude palm oil (CPO) and by-products
obtained from palm oil waste materials as biomaterials for green construction material …

Oil palm wastes (OPWs) are important biomass resources, and approximately 127 million
tons of OPWs are generated from the oil palm industry annually in Malaysia. The scientific …

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are crosslinked polymers with dynamic covalent
bonds, which enable these networks to exhibit both the durability of thermosets and the …

Palm oil supply chains are complex and controversial due to claims that they follow
unsustainable practices in operation and production process, which causes massive …

China has issued a series of biodiesel-related policies to alleviate energy shortage anxiety
and reduce carbon emissions. However, no other provinces or cities in China widely utilize …

Sludge palm oil is a by-product produced as a result of oil loss into waste streams during the
palm oil milling process. It is non-edible, inexpensive and abundantly available, thus making …

The increasing severity of the labour shortage problem in the Malaysian palm oil industry
has created a need to explore other avenues for harvesting oil palm fresh fruit bunches …

This study investigates the impact of thermophilic high solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) on
biogas production from empty fruit bunches (EFB), focusing on the effects of total solids (TS) …

Environmental factors, such as climate change, with an array of social conflicts from labour
conditions to land rights continue to refocus the spotlight on palm oil. Often depicted …

Edible crude palm oil (CPO) is a vital oil utilized in various industries, including food,
pharmaceuticals, and domestic cooking. Unfortunately, reports of CPO adulteration with …