Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease
that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly …

A majority of humans faced with severe stress maintain normal physiological and behavioral
function, a process referred to as resilience. Such stress resilience has been modeled in …

Anxiety disorders are complex diseases, and often co-occur with depression. It is as yet
unclear if a common neural circuit controls anxiety-related behaviors in both anxiety-alone …

Early life stress (ELS), such as abuse and neglect during childhood, can lead to psychiatric
disorders in later life. Previous studies have suggested that ELS can cause profound …

Early life stress–including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss
of a parent, and other forms of adversity–increases lifetime risk of mood, anxiety, and …

Adverse events in early life can modulate the response to additional stressors later in life
and increase the risk of develo** psychiatric disorders. The underlying molecular …

Childhood trauma (CT) can have persistent effects on the brain and is one of the major risk
factors for neuropsychiatric diseases in adulthood. Recent advances in the field of …

Animal studies over the past two decades have led to extensive advances in our
understanding of pathogenesis of depressive and mood disorders. Among these, rodent …

Repeated cocaine use induces coordinated changes in gene expression that drive plasticity
in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an important component of the brain's reward circuitry, and …

There is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments for stress-related illnesses,
which include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety. We view animal …