Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death with distinct characteristics,
including altered iron homeostasis, reduced defense against oxidative stress, and abnormal …

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic
reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming …

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus, caused by the phloem-colonizing
bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Here, we present evidence that HLB is …

Acute exposure to high-dose gamma radiation due to radiological disasters or cancer
radiotherapy can result in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), characterized by acute …

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by
diffuse inflammation of the colonic mucosa and a relapsing and remitting course. The current …

The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO),
ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin …

Abnormal activation of the gut mucosal immune system and a highly dysregulated gut
microbiota play essential roles in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents an insidious autoimmune inflammatory disorder that
severely lowers the life quality by progressively destructing joint functions and eventually …

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro-and antioxidants that adversely influences the
organism in various mechanisms and on many levels. Oxidative damage occurring …

As the host defense response to various injuries and pathogens in the body, inflammation
can remove damaged cells and pathogens in the host organism and protect the body …