Machine learning is widely used to make decisions with societal impact such as bank loan
approving, criminal sentencing, and resume filtering. How to ensure its fairness while …

In this study, we examine the complex, deep-rooted issue of fairness using a technical,
historical, and societal lens. We direct our attention to credit scoring as an ideal case study …

Optimizing NLP models for fairness poses many challenges. Lack of differentiable fairness
measures prevents gradient-based loss training or requires surrogate losses that diverge …