Worldwide, the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing annually,
resulting in greater economic and social burdens. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for focal brain
stimulation based on electromagnetic induction where a fluctuating magnetic field induces a …

Attempts to enhance human memory and learning ability have a long tradition in science.
This topic has recently gained substantial attention because of the increasing percentage of …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective treatment for depression but is
limited in that the optimal therapeutic target remains unknown. Early TMS trials lacked a …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non‐invasive technique that is increasingly
used to study the human brain. One of the principal outcome measures is the motor‐evoked …

The development of neuroimaging methodologies to map brain connectivity has transformed
our understanding of psychiatric disorders, the distributed effects of brain stimulation, and …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is capable of noninvasively inducing lasting
neuroplastic changes when applied repetitively across multiple treatment sessions. In recent …

Background Neural oscillations in the primary motor cortex (M1) shape corticospinal
excitability. Power and phase of ongoing mu (8–13 Hz) and beta (14–30 Hz) activity may …

In the same way that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder, what a stimulus does to the brain
is determined not simply by the nature of the stimulus but by the nature of the brain that is …

The transcranial evoked potential (TEP) is a powerful technique to investigate brain
dynamics, but some methodological issues limit its interpretation. A possible contamination …