Evidence for a close bidirectional link between the brain and the gut has led to a paradigm
shift in neurology, especially in the case of Parkinson disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal …

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional
communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape …

Growing evidence suggests an increasing significance for the extent of gastrointestinal tract
(GIT) dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most patients suffer from GIT symptoms …

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein (Lewy bodies) in dopaminergic neurons …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis …

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the
gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough …

Objective Gut microbiome alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) have been reported
repeatedly, but their functional relevance remains unclear. Fecal metabolomics, which …

The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast
genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative condition. The
disease has a significant negative impact on quality of life, but a personalized management …

Many physical, social, and psychological changes occur during aging that raise the risk of
develo** chronic diseases, frailty, and dependency. These changes adversely affect the …