NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was
identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with …

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Most metastatic cancers remain incurable due to the emergence of apoptosis-resistant
clones, fuelled by intratumour heterogeneity and tumour evolution. To improve treatment …

Numerous mitochondrial constituents and metabolic products can function as damage-
associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and promote inflammation when released into the …

Mitochondria have recently emerged as key drivers of inflammation associated with cell
death. Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon …

Through their many and varied metabolic functions, mitochondria power life. Paradoxically,
mitochondria also have a central role in apoptotic cell death. Upon induction of …

The ubiquitin system is complex, multifaceted, and is crucial for the modulation of a vast
number of cellular processes. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated at different levels by a range …

Ubiquitination is one of the most important post‐translational modifications which plays a
significant role in conserving the homeostasis of cellular proteins. In the ubiquitination …

Members of the caspase family of proteases play essential roles in the initiation and
execution of apoptosis. These caspases are divided into two groups: the initiator caspases …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and
non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and …