Freshwater scarcity is a vital societal challenge related to climate change, population
pressure, and agricultural and industrial demands. Therefore, sustainable desalination …

Globally, reverse osmosis desalination systems are widely utilized as they have the
cheapest freshwater production cost. On the contrary, reverse osmosis systems have high …

Brine, also known as concentrate, is the by-product of the desalination process that has an
adverse impact on the environment due to its high salinity. Hence, viable and cost-effective …

Mining activities are notorious for their environmental impact, with acid mine drainage (AMD)
being among the most significant issues. Specifically, AMD has recently been a topical issue …

This review paper explores the potential for seawater desalination plants to operate as
integrated hubs for addressing the increasing demand for water, energy, mineral resources …

The ocean has often been announced as a sustainable source of important materials for
civilization. Application of the same extraction processes to desalination concentrate, rather …

Growing uncertainty in the future availability of freshwater sources has led to an increase in
installations for desalination of seawater. Reverse osmosis (RO), currently the most widely …

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising separation technology that can help reducing the
worldwide water-energy stress in a sustainable way. MD uses low-grade thermal energy to …

Membrane distillation (MD) has gained significant regard from industrial and academic
perspective in recent years, thus the frequency of publications related to the field has greatly …

Membrane distillation (MD) is a separation process based on the vapor transport across the
hydrophobic microporous membrane driven by the vapor pressure gradient across the …