The density and unsustainable placement of buried utilities in the limited underground
space lead to coordination issues between utility owners and increase the social costs …

The necessity to recognize the subsurface or underground and all its current and potential
uses as part of our urban environment, to integrate this into urban planning and governance …

The increasing urban building density has driven the utilisation of underground space for
constructing urban municipal infrastructure and transportation systems, alleviating land …

The modern approach to realization of large, expensive projects with long payback periods
in various sectors of infrastructure often involves combining the financial resources of public …

The 'smart city'as an evolving paradigm, situates at the convergence of technology and the
city. In fact, a smart city's development is connected to the ICT technology in such a way that …

This paper discusses the special situation when a shaft-tunnel junction is subject to vertically
propagating P waves. For a complicated system like the shaft-tunnel junction, it is necessary …

Due to the complexity of the projects developed by the Metro de Medellín company and
considering the adoption of the digital transformation that is currently taking place in the …

The traditional method of buried utilities (ie water, sewer and gas pipes, and electrical and
telecommunication cables) has been used for many decades particularly in urban areas …

Debido a la complejidad de los proyectos que desarrolla la empresa Metro de Medellín y
considerando la adopción de la transformación digital que actualmente se adelanta en el …

The ground our cities are built on has always been a constitutive part of urban life, but is only
in recent decades starting to become recognised by built environment professionals and …