The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Adult skeletal muscle in mammals is a stable tissue under normal circumstances but has
remarkable ability to repair after injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated …

Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of
biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical …

Intracellular delivery of materials has become a critical component of genome-editing
approaches, ex vivo cell-based therapies, and a diversity of fundamental research …

Lysosomes are ubiquitous membrane-bound intracellular organelles with an acidic interior.
They are central for degradation and recycling of macromolecules delivered by endocytosis …

Nerve terminals are specific sites of action of a very large number of toxins produced by
many different organisms. The mechanism of action of three groups of presynaptic …

Plasma membrane wounds are repaired by a mechanism involving Ca 2+-regulated
exocytosis. Elevation in intracellular [Ca 2+] triggers fusion of lysosomes with the plasma …

Muscular dystrophy includes a diverse group of inherited muscle diseases characterized by
wasting and weakness of skeletal muscle. Mutations in dysferlin are linked to two clinically …

Introduction Plasma membrane damage can result from numerous threats, including
mechanical stress or biochemical agents such as pore-forming toxins. Different mechanisms …

Intelligent transport of molecular species across different barriers is critical for various
biological functions and is achieved through the unique properties of biological …