We describe the most important developments in the application of three theoretical tools to
modeling of the morphology of porous media and flow and transport processes in them. One …

The kaolinite-group minerals kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite including its metaform and
their associates allophane and imogolite are phyllosilicates characterized by a rather simple …

Earth's climate may be stabilized over millennia by solubilization of atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) as minerals weather, but the temperature sensitivity of this thermostat is …

Abstract The Critical Zone (CZ) is the system of coupled chemical, biological, physical, and
geological processes operating together to support life at the Earth's surface. While our …

Because there remains a lack of knowledge about the spatially explicit distribution of
chemical weathering rates at the global scale, a model that considers prominent first-order …

Abstract Early Mars (> 3 Ga) underwent aqueous alteration as evidenced by
fluvial/lacustrine morphologies and the recent discovery of widespread hydrous clays …

Phosphate is an essential macronutrient for all organisms with a key role in setting levels of
marine primary productivity. Despite its importance for marine biogeochemical cycles and its …

Central America encompasses an intricate mosaic of dynamic landscapes shaped by a wide
range of Earth surface processes. Few other regions worldwide exhibit a comparable …

Return of samples from the surface of Mars has been a goal of the international Mars
science community for many years. Affirmation by NASA and ESA of the importance of Mars …

Weathering of silicate minerals impacts many geological and ecological processes. For
example, the weathering of basalt contributes significantly to consumption of atmospheric …