Mollusk shell 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Diversity of mollusk classes 3. Structural, microstructural
and ultrastructural considerations on the shell 3.1. Structure of the shell and mineralogy 3.2 …

Biomineralization refers to the dynamic physiological processes whereby living organisms
elaborate mineralized tissues. The existence of extremely abundant molluscan species …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Mollusca evolutionary success can be attributed partly to their efficiency to sustain and
protect their soft body with an external biomineralized structure, the shell. Current …

In molluscs, the shell fabrication requires a large array of secreted macromolecules
including proteins and polysaccharides. Some of them are occluded in the shell during …

The wide diversity of biogenic minerals that is found in nature, each with its own
morphology, mechanical properties and composition, is remarkable. In order to produce …

In this study, light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope, hematoxylin-
eosin and fluorescent staining, and mass spectrometry methods were employed to observe …

Molluscan hemolymph is a unique kind of body fluid, which in many respects is analogous to
human blood, although there are several crucial differences. Here, for the first time, we …

Molluscan shells are a classic model system to study formation–structure–function
relationships in biological materials and the process of biomineralized tissue …

Edible snails are an attractive protein source due to their high growth rate, cost-efficiency,
and nutritional value. Calcium is crucial for snail growth, reproduction, and shell formation …