Interest in underwater transducers has persisted since the mid-1900s. Underwater
transducers are designed in various shapes using various materials depending on the …

This paper describes the designing and optimization of tonpilz type transducers based on
number of layers, width and thicknesses and type of active materials, dimensions of head …

Underwater magnetostrictive longitudinal-type transducers (UMLT) are widely used for high-
power sonar applications to generate sound waves. When designing an UMLT, to establish …

High-power giant magnetostrictive transducers are widely used in underwater acoustics.
Because of the low magnetic permeability of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) and …

Of great importance is modeling for transducer design and application to predict its
performance and simulate key characteristics. The equivalent circuit modeling (ECM), one of …

Recently, textured piezoelectric ceramics have become a hot topic in the field of
piezoelectric materials. Due to their high cost-effectiveness, textured ceramics are expected …

In the ocean engineering applications, the underwater projector with the performance of low
frequency, small size, lightweight, and high power is urgently needed. To meet these …

To meet the demands of low frequency, small size, light weight and high power in the
underwater application, a z-structured piezoelectric transducer (ZPT) is innovated, and its …

The loss effect in smart materials, the active part of a transducer, is of significant importance
to acoustic transducer designers, as it directly affects the important characteristics of the …

Most broadband Tonpilz transducers are achieved by coupling first-order longitudinal mode
with other modes introduced by an elaborately designed structure (eg, flexural mode of the …