This study introduces a hypothesis-testing framework to assess whether large language
models (LLMs) possess genuine reasoning abilities or primarily depend on token bias. We …

Peer review is fundamental to the integrity and advancement of scientific publication.
Traditional methods of peer review analyses often rely on exploration and statistics of …

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven considerable interest in fine-
tuning them with domain-specific data to create specialized language models. Nevertheless …

Rationality is characterized by logical thinking and decision-making that align with evidence
and logical rules. This quality is essential for effective problem-solving, as it ensures that …

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in natural language
processing. However, their deployment on resource-constrained embedded devices …

Rationality is the quality of being guided by reason, characterized by decision-making that
aligns with evidence and logical principles. It plays a crucial role in reliable problem-solving …

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools and APIs is essential for
fields such as information retrieval and knowledge management. While LLMs have made …

Inspired by the successful application of large models in natural language processing and
computer vision, both the research community and industry have increasingly focused on …

The Transformer is a neural network architecture that was introduced in the paper Attention
is All You Need by Vaswani et al. in 2017 [294]. It fundamentally changed the way natural …