Spaced and interleaved practices have been identified as effective learning strategies which
sometimes are conflated as a single strategy and at other times treated as distinct. Learning …

Many studies have shown that repetition of study material with temporal gaps between the
repetitions (ie, spaced in time) is more effective for long-term retention than are repetitions in …

Prolonged stress and the need for rapid uptake of information can have detrimental effects
on memory and cognition, whereas meaningfulness of study material and motivation to learn …

It is well known that distributed learning (DL) leads to improved memory performance
compared with massed learning (ML)(ie, spacing effect). However, the extent to which the …

Does the tendency to adjust appraisals of ourselves in the past and future in order to
maintain a favourable view of ourselves in the present require episodic memory? A …

The spacing effect refers to the finding that, given a fixed amount of study time, a longer
interval between study repetitions improves long-term retention (eg, Cepeda et al., 2006; …

The value of case studies in informing our understanding of dissociations and interactions in
memory was recognized early on by Endel Tulving, whose comprehensive work with the …

Understanding how to promote word learning across development is a crucial research
area, as vocabulary size can predict academic and employment success. Spaced (relative to …

Previous research revealed that the acquisition and retention of various tool properties (eg,
recalling information about a tools attributes, performing tool-related motor actions …

According to temporal self-appraisal theory, people evaluate themselves in the past in a way
that makes them feel good about themselves in the present. In line with this theory, studies …