Among the most widely predicted and accepted consequences of global climate change are
increases in both the frequency and severity of a variety of extreme weather events. Such …

Mixed chlorine/chloramines are commonly occurring in real drinking water distribution
systems (DWDSs) but often overlooked. This review provides a comprehensive overview of …

Water supply systems (WSSs) are one of the most important and expensive core public
infrastructures. The primary objective of a water supply utility is to have this valuable asset …

Rapid urbanization in develo** countries has imposed threats and challenges to basic
urban infrastructures like drinking water, transportation, and energy systems. The existing …

As global temperatures rise with climate change, the negative effects of heat on drinking
water distribution systems (DWDS) are of increasing concern. High DWDS temperatures are …

Maintaining the chlorine residual is a major disinfection goal for many water distribution
systems. A suitable general chlorine bulk-decay model is required for simulation of chlorine …

The modelling of chlorine residual in water supply systems is of great importance in
managing disinfectant concentrations throughout the network. First order decay kinetics are …

Accurate modelling of chlorine concentrations throughout a drinking water system needs
sound mathematical descriptions of decay mechanisms in bulk water and at pipe walls. Wall …

Chlorine residual plays a key role in determining the quality of treated water and
wastewater. One of the most critical factors affecting chlorine decay rates is flow and ambient …

Maintaining a chlorine residual is a major disinfection goal in many water distribution
systems. A suitable general model of chlorine decay in the transported bulk water is an …