Abstract Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are strongly associated with high
tumourigenicity, chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance, and metastasis and recurrence …

The paradigm for macrophage characterization has evolved from the simple M1/M2
dichotomy to a more complex model that encompasses the broad spectrum of macrophage …

Hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src kinase
family, is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, with a …

Background Cell–cell interaction factors that facilitate the progression of adenoma to
sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear, thereby hindering patient survival …

Background Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), a classic tyrosine kinase
receptor, has been identified as a proto-oncogene in multiple cancers. The CSF1/CSF1R …

Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental
influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these …

Background Hematopoietic cell signal transducer (HCST) and tyrosine kinase-binding
protein (TYROBP) are triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which are …

Immune checkpoint blockade and MAPK-targeted combined therapy is a promising regimen
for advanced melanoma patients. However, the clinical benefit from this combo regimen …

The γδT‐cells recognize infected or transformed cells. However, unlike αβT‐cells, γδT‐cells
are innate‐like immune cells, with no major histocompatibility complex restriction …

Although the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been proved in
colorectal cancer (CRC), the results are unsatisfactory, presumably owing to the presence of …