Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have come a long way since it was first introduced during the
late 80's. With properties in between those of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) …

Wastewater reuse is currently considered globally as the most critical element of sustainable
water management. The dissolved effluent organic matter (dE f OM) present in biologically …

Recently, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted growing attention in many potential
applications such as power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and food …

Despite more than a decade of worldwide research on membrane fouling in membrane
bioreactors (MBRs), many questions still remain unanswered. In the light of the complexity of …

Colloids are fine particles whose characteristic size falls within the rough size range of 1–
1000nm. In pressure-driven membrane systems, these fine particles have a strong tendency …

Membrane application in surface water treatment provides many advantages over
conventional treatment. However, this effort is hampered by the fouling issue, which restricts …

The Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnological
Applications provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies as they …

Wastewater reuse is being increasingly emphasized as a strategy for conservation of limited
resources of freshwater and as a mean of safeguarding the aquatic environment due to …

An understanding of natural organic matter (NOM) as a membrane foulant and the behavior
of NOM components in low-pressure membrane fouling are needed to provide a basis for …

Desalination by using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has become very popular for
producing freshwater from brackish water and seawater. Membrane lifetime and permeate …