Exoskeletons can augment the performance of unimpaired users and restore movement in
individuals with gait impairments. Knowledge of how users interact with wearable devices …

Background Many lower-limb exoskeletons have been developed to assist gait, exhibiting a
large range of control methods. The goal of this paper is to review and classify these control …

Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robots integrate sensing, control, and other
technologies and exhibit the characteristics of bionics, robotics, information and control …

Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons
that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus …

Research on robotic exoskeletons has rapidly expanded over the previous decade.
Advances in robotic hardware and energy supplies have enabled viable prototypes for …

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are soft and flexible linear pneumatic actuators which
produce human muscle like actuation. Due to these properties, the muscle actuators have …

The number of people with a mobility disorder caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, or other
related diseases is increasing rapidly. To improve the quality of life of these people, devices …

Technological advancements have led to the development of numerous wearable robotic
devices for the physical assistance and restoration of human locomotion. While many …

In recent years, there has been major interest in the exposure to physical therapy during
rehabilitation. Several publications have demonstrated its usefulness in clinical/medical and …

Stroke affects one out of every six people on Earth. Approximately 90% of stroke survivors
have some functional disability with mobility being a major impairment, which not only …