Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-
inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is central to host
defense and inflammatory responses but under certain circumstances also triggers cell …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used
experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis …

While no single model can exactly recapitulate all aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS), animal
models are essential in understanding the induction and pathogenesis of the disease and to …

The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as an immune mediator has long been appreciated
but its function in the brain is still unclear. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) is expressed in most cell …

In view of disease heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis and limited access to ex vivo
specimens, different approaches must be undertaken to better understand disease …

This unit details the materials and methods required for both active induction and adoptive
transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL mouse strain using …

Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine
involved in the innate immune response. TNF-α ligation and downstream signaling with one …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease involving the nervous
system. In the United States∼ 250,000 individuals suffer from MS. The first clinical signs of …

There is evidence that treatment with an antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)
improves an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is beneficial in two systemic …