Highlights•FoxP2 is differentially expressed during development and singing behavior.•First
upstream factors and downstream targets of FoxP2 are identified.•FoxP2 affects …

In this, the post-genomic age, our knowledge of biological systems continues to expand and
progress. As the research becomes more focused, so too does the data. Genomic research …

INTRODUCTION Brain activity drives both behavior and regulated gene expression in
neurons. Although past studies have identified activity-induced signaling and gene …

Cognitive and motor deficits associated with language and speech are seen in humans
harboring FOXP2 mutations. The neural bases for FOXP2 mutation-related deficits are …

Humans and songbirds are among the rare animal groups that exhibit socially learned
vocalizations: speech and song, respectively. These vocal-learning capacities share a …

Variants of the contactin associated protein‐like 2 (Cntnap2) gene are risk factors for
language‐related disorders including autism spectrum disorder, specific language …

Background Trial by trial variability during motor learning is a feature encoded by the basal
ganglia of both humans and songbirds, and is important for reinforcement of optimal motor …

The discrete neural network for songbird vocal communication provides an effective system
to study neural mechanisms of learned motor behaviors in vertebrates. This system consists …

Sensory feedback is required for the stable execution of learned motor skills, and its loss can
severely disrupt motor performance. The neural mechanisms that mediate sensorimotor …

Neural activity within HVC (proper name), a premotor nucleus of the songbird telencephalon
analogous to premotor cortical regions in mammals, controls the temporal structure of …