Mars is the nearest planet that potentially harbors life and that can be explored by humans,
so its history of water is of considerable importance. Water was abundant on early Mars but …

The Martian surface environment today is cold and dry, but evidence suggests the planet
may have hosted more habitable conditions in the past. Open questions about the evolution …

The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or
biotic activities could persist on Mars today. A number of different measurements of methane …

It has been suggested that dust storms efficiently transport water vapor from the near‐
surface to the middle atmosphere on Mars. Knowledge of the water vapor vertical profile …

Mars' water history is fundamental to understanding Earth-like planet evolution. Water
escapes to space as atoms, and hydrogen atoms escape faster than deuterium giving an …

Mars has lost most of its once-abundant water to space, leaving the planet cold and dry. In
standard models, molecular hydrogen produced from water in the lower atmosphere diffuses …

We have determined the global inventory of surface and near‐surface water on Mars by
tracking the amounts of water lost to each of the significant sinks for water. The sinks include …

Abstract The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument on board
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter measured a large increase in water vapor at altitudes in the …

The current Martian atmosphere is about five times more enriched in deuterium than Earth's,
providing direct testimony that Mars hosted vastly more water in its early youth than …

We present water vapor vertical distributions on Mars retrieved from 3.5 years of solar
occultation measurements by Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery onboard the …