Resources such as fertile soil and clean water are already limited in many parts of the world.
Additionally, the conventional use of arable land is becoming increasingly difficult, which is …

Indoor vertical farming (IVF) has expanded exponentially over the last couple of years and is
expected to have a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.9% from 2022 to 2029. IVF …

In controlled environment agriculture (CEA), light is used to impact terpenoid production and
improve plant quality. In this review we discuss various aspects of light as important …

Indoor plant cultivation systems are gaining increasing popularity because of their ability to
meet the needs of producing food in unfavourable climatic contexts and in urban …

CONTEXT Controlled environment agriculture (CEA), as vertical farms or plant factories, is a
promising technology to intensify food production in an ecologically friendly manner. CEA's …

Plants experience changes in light intensity and quality due to variations in solar angle and
shading from clouds and overlap** leaves. Stomatal opening to increasing irradiance is …

Vertical farms are often claimed to have better environmental performance compared to
conventional products on the market. However, there are few assessments of the …

Specialized metabolites from plants are important for human health due to their antioxidant
properties. Light is one of the main factors modulating the biosynthesis of specialized …

In recent years, urban agriculture (UA) projects have bloomed throughout the world, finding
large applications also in the developed economies of the so-called Global North. As …

The consumption of microgreens has increased due to their having higher levels of bioactive
compounds and mineral nutrients than mature plants. The lighting conditions during the …