Pigments (mainly carotenoids) are important nutraceuticals known for their potent anti-
oxidant activities and have been used extensively as high end health supplements …

Microalgae are the major photosynthesizers on earth and produce important pigments that
include chlorophyll a, b and c, β-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins …

Marine microalgae constitute a natural source of a variety of drugs for pharmaceutical, food
and cosmetic applications—which encompass carotenoids, among others. A growing body …

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely used in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture to provide
the pink color characteristic of that species. This application has been well documented for …

Astaxanthin (3, 3′-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4, 4′-dione), a high-value ketocarotenoid with
a broad range of applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries …

Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and
its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the …

Microalgae have found commercial applications as natural sources of valuable
macromolecules, including carotenoids, long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and …

Monocultures have been the preferred production route in the bio-industry, where
contamination has been a major bottleneck. In nature, microorganisms usually exist as part …

Major progress has been made in the past decade towards understanding of the
biosynthesis of red carotenoid astaxanthin and its roles in stress response while exploiting …

The low productivity of algal cultures in the production of high-value compounds is the most
significant bottleneck for commercialization of this technology. Cultures in which cell mass is …