Although responses are sometimes easy to predict, at other times responding seems highly
variable, unpredictable, or even random. The inability to predict is generally attributed to …

Although reinforcement often leads to repetitive, even stereotyped responding, that is not a
necessary outcome. When it depends on variations, reinforcement results in responding that …

This thoroughly updated edition provides a balanced review of the core methods and the
latest research on animal learning and human memory. The relevance of basic principles is …

Discontinuation of the contingency between a response and its reinforcer sometimes
produces a temporary increase in the response before its rate decreases, a phenomenon …

In recounting his early research agenda, Skinner (1956) described the serendipitous event
that led to the discovery of operant extinction curves. The pellet dispenser on his apparatus …

Now in its fourth edition, Michael Domjan's classic textbook offers an introduction to learning
and conditioning in a concise and accessible style, including the latest influential research …

The extent to which non-humans understand their physical world is controversial, due to
conceptual and empirical difficulties. We examine the evidence for physical understanding …

Failure to reinforce appropriate behavior could result in resurgence of previously
extinguished problem behavior and degradation of previously effective treatments such as …

We compared two sources of behavior variability: decreased levels of reinforcement and
reinforcement contingent on variability itself. In Experiment 1, four groups of rats were …

Restricted and repetitive behavior is a diagnostic characteristic of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). To the extent that the behavior of individuals with ASD can be conceptualized as …