We apply a gravity model to 1980–1996 annual nonfuel imports data for 58 countries to
quantify the effects of recently created or revamped PTAs on trade. We modify the gravity …

This paper begins by systematically develo** the “static” theory of preferential trade areas
(PTAs) and showing that neither a large volume of initial intra-union trade nor geographical …

Stemming from an international and multidisciplinary network of leading specialists, this best-
selling text is fully updated with new chapter additions. With the first edition being prepared …

Preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) have spread widely over the past fifty years.
During the same era, multilateral openness has grown to unprecedented heights, spurred by …

Abstract Hirst and Thompson's Globalization in Question is the key text questioning claims of
economic globalisation. This review of its revised second edition examines its main claims …

A great deal of post-war trade liberalization resulted from regional, preferential trade
agreements. Preferential trade agreements cut tariffs on goods originating only in those …

A detailed examination of the GATT regime for international trade, discussing the negotiating
record, policy background, economic rationale, and case law. The General Agreement on …

1.3 Empire and imperialism: misleading metaphors 12 1.4 The use and abuse of the
concepts of 'hegemony'and 'hegemonic stability' 18 1.5 Towards a multipolar world? The …

Trade protection costs the European Community between 6 and 7 percent of its gross
domestic product, or the equivalent of the annual economic output of Spain. Continuing the …

The European Union (EU) often conditions preferential access to its market on compliance
with Non-Trade Policy Objectives (NTPOs), including human rights and labor and …