Substantial evidence indicates that the lateral septum (LS) plays a critical role in regulating
processes related to mood and motivation. This review presents findings from the basic …

Simple Summary Scientists use animal models to study the mechanisms of human diseases
and find new drugs to treat them. Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress is the best animal …

Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in biomedical research,
involving tens of millions of animals in North America and Europe every year. The use of …

The isolation of an opioid receptor-related clone soon led to the isolation and
characterization of a new neuropeptide, termed orphanin FQ or nociceptin (OFQ/N). This …

Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome and/or immune system function may
have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study …

Within the scope of the 3Rs of Russel and Burch, the number of laboratory animals can be
reduced by repeated use of an animal. This strategy only becomes relevant, if the total …

Potential environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include
viral/bacterial infection and an altered microbiome composition. The present study …

Pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in the
(patho) physiology of stress-adaptation. PACAP deficient (PACAP−/−) mice show altered …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 120 (6) of
Behavioral Neuroscience (see record 2006-22387-011). In the article" Anxiogenic-Like …

Disease-causing mutations in many neurodegenerative disorders lead to proteinopathies
that trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, few therapeutic options exist for …