In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with
concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and …

LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Biological invasions are synonymous with international trade. The direct effects of trade
have largely been quantified using relationships between imports and the number of alien …

Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the
next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited …

Marine ecosystems are centrally important to the biology of the planet, yet a comprehensive
understanding of how anthropogenic climate change is affecting them has been poorly …

Biofouling in marine aquaculture is a specific problem where both the target culture species
and/or infrastructure are exposed to a diverse array of fouling organisms, with significant …

A predictive understanding of the ecological impacts of nonnative species has been slow to
develop, owing largely to an apparent dearth of clearly defined hypotheses and the lack of a …

Physiological studies can help predict effects of climate change through determining which
species currently live closest to their upper thermal tolerance limits, which physiological …

Invasive species are a major element of global change and are contributing to biodiversity
loss, ecosystem degradation, and impairment of ecosystem services worldwide. Research is …

Prediction of the impact of global climate change on marine HABs is fraught with difficulties.
However, we can learn important lessons from the fossil record of dinoflagellate cysts; long …