An understanding of the structural complexity of mineralised tissues is fundamental for
exploration into the field of diagenesis. Here we review aspects of current and past research …

The interface between collagen and the mineral reinforcement phase, carbonated
hydroxyapatite (cAp), is essential for bone's remarkable functionality as a biological …

INTRODUCTION The components of bone assemble hierarchically to provide stiffness and
toughness. Deciphering the specific organization and relationship between bone's principal …

In patients with breast cancer, lower bone mineral density increases the risk of bone
metastasis. Although the relationship between bone-matrix mineralization and tumour-cell …

In human bone, an amorphous mineral serves as a precursor to the formation of a highly
substituted nanocrystalline apatite. However, the precise role of this amorphous mineral …

Vertebrate Skeletal Histology and Paleohistology summarizes decades of research into the
biology and biological meaning of hard tissues, in both living and extinct vertebrates. In …

Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The
mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's …

Structural hierarchy of bone–observed across multiple scales and in three dimensions (3D)–
is essential to its mechanical performance. While the mineralized extracellular matrix of …

Bone is a highly responsive organ, which continuously adapts to the environment it is
subjected to in order to withstand metabolic demands. These events are difficult to study in …

Hydroxyapatite (HA) plays an important role in clinical bone repair. However, it remains a
challenge to accurately determine its changes during bone reconstruction and to identify its …