Microneedles (MNs) have recently been found to have applications in drug, vitamin, protein
and vaccine delivery. Polymeric MN arrays continue to attract increasing attention due to …

Bolus vaccines are often administered multiple times due to rapid clearance and reduced
transportation to draining lymph nodes resulting in inadequate activation of T and B …

Microneedles (MNs) are microscopic, needle-like structures employed in drug delivery
through the skin. They are non-invasive and cause minimal to no pain at the site of insertion …

Multiple periodic injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) are the standard treatment of
hyperhidrosis which causes excessive sweating. However, BTX-A injections can create …

Respiratory infections continue to pose a major global health challenge, leading to high
morbidity and mortality. Effective vaccines are crucial for prevention of these, and …

The intricate nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) results in the inefficient delivery of
anticancer drugs within tumor tissues, significantly compromising the therapeutic effect of …

Bacteriophages have attracted great attention in the bioengineering field in diverse research
areas from tissue engineering to therapeutic and clinical applications. Recombinant …

Generation of protective immunity through vaccination arises from the adaptive immune
response developed primarily in the lymph nodes drained from the immunization site …

Global eel production has dramatically increased over the last 30 years due to the
expansion of eel farming to meet rising human food demands. More than 45 countries …

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are increasingly important in ensuring drug safety and
enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Micro/nano-technology has been utilized to develop DDSs …