A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

The Swampland program aims to distinguish effective theories which can be completed into
quantum gravity in the ultraviolet from those which cannot. This article forms an introduction …

We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-
day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string …

Extended Theories of Gravity can be considered as a new paradigm to cure shortcomings of
General Relativity at infrared and ultraviolet scales. They are an approach that, by …

This article reviews recent developments in tests of fundamental physics using atoms and
molecules, including the subjects of parity violation, searches for permanent electric dipole …

ABSTRACT The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-year data provide
stringent limits on deviations from the minimal, six-parameter Λ cold dark matter model. We …

Over the past decade, f (R) theories have been extensively studied as one of the simplest
modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review various applications of f (R) …

We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the
remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments …

Over recent decades, the role of torsion in gravity has been extensively investigated along
the main direction of bringing gravity closer to its gauge formulation and incorporating spin …

We consider f (R, T) modified theories of gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is given
by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and of the trace of the stress-energy tensor T …