In spite of the huge progress in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, we are still in the situation
that both pregestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) impose an additional risk …

Insulin resistance changes over time during pregnancy, and in the last half of the pregnancy,
insulin resistance increases considerably and can become severe, especially in women with …

The regulation of linear growth by nutritional and inflammatory influences is examined in
terms of growth-plate endochondral ossification, in order to better understand stunted growth …

Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy. Historically,
gestational diabetes was considered a pregnancy complication involving treatment of rising …

The somatogenic and lactogenic hormones of the placenta and maternal pituitary gland
integrate the metabolic adaptations of pregnancy with the demands of fetal and neonatal …

The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health.
The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions …

Depending on the definitions used, up to 10% of all live-born neonates are small for
gestational age (SGA). Although the vast majority of these children show catch-up growth by …

One of the primary regulators of maternofetal glucose transfer is the density of glucose
transporter proteins in the placenta. These transporters, members of the GLUT gene family …

Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a placental hormone which appears to have key
metabolic functions in pregnancy. Preclinical studies have putatively linked hPL to maternal …

OBJECTIVE: The insulin resistance of pregnancy is considered to be mediated by human
placental lactogen, but the metabolic effects of human placental growth hormone have not …