In 1996, we published a review article (Marder E, Calabrese RL. Physiol Rev 76: 687–717,
1996) describing the state of knowledge about the structure and function of the central …

Feeding behavior involves a complex organization of neural circuitry and interconnected
pathways between the cortex, the brainstem, and muscles. Elevated synchronicity is …

Phonation critically depends on precise controls of laryngeal muscles in coordination with
ongoing respiration. However, the neural mechanisms governing these processes remain …

Breathing needs to be tightly coordinated with upper airway behaviors, such as swallowing.
Discoordination leads to aspiration pneumonia, the leading cause of death in …

Nasal respiration influences brain dynamics by phase-entraining neural oscillations at the
same frequency as the breathing rate and by phase-modulating the activity of faster gamma …

Introduction Motor neurons (MNs) within the nucleus ambiguus innervate the skeletal
muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and oesophagus. These muscles are activated during …

Linked rhythmic behaviors, such as respiration/locomotion or swallowing/chewing, often
require coordination for proper function. Despite its prevalence, the cellular mechanisms …

Introduction Aspiration pneumonia, a leading cause of mortality, poses an urgent challenge
in contemporary society. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been commonly …

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a prevalent condition characterized by recurrent
episodes of oxygen deprivation, linked to respiratory and neurological disorders. Prolonged …

The sympathetic nervous system modulates arterial blood pressure. Individuals with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience numerous nightly hypoxic episodes and exhibit …