Land as a whole, and soil, in particular, plays a critical function in the climate system. The
various types of land use, especially agriculture and forestry, account for nearly a quarter of …

The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural
communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we …

Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity is associated with
conventional management (that is, high fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing …

Well-designed approaches to ecological restoration can benefit nature and society. This is
particularly the case in tropical agroecosystems, where restoration can provide substantial …

Oil palm plantations are intensively managed agricultural systems that increasingly
dominate certain tropical regions. Oil palm monocultures have been criticized because of …

Monocultural rubber plantations have replaced tropical forest, causing biodiversity loss.
While protecting intact or semi‐intact biodiverse forest is paramount, improving biodiversity …

Deforestation and land‐use change in tropical regions result in habitat loss and extinction of
species that are unable to adapt to the conditions in agricultural landscapes. If the …

Understory vegetation is a vital component of forest ecosystems and contributes to terrestrial
plant diversity, nutrient cycling and energy flows. Plantations and natural secondary forests …

Conversion of tropical forest to agriculture results in reduced habitat heterogeneity, and
associated declines in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Management strategies to …

Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in recent decades, and are causing substantial
impacts on tropical habitats and biodiversity. However, owing to its long lifespan (25–30 …