The cell-autonomous innate immune system enables animal cells to resist viral infection.
This system comprises an array of sensors that, after detecting viral molecules, activate the …

Mitochondria are best known for their role in the generation of ATP by aerobic respiration.
Yet, research in the past half century has shown that they perform a much larger suite of …

The origin and cellular complexity of eukaryotes represent a major enigma in biology.
Current data support scenarios in which an archaeal host cell and an alphaproteobacterial …

The transition to a terrestrial environment, termed terrestrialization, is generally regarded as
a pivotal event in the evolution and diversification of the land plant flora that changed the …

Ferns are the closest sister group to all seed plants, yet little is known about their genomes
other than that they are generally colossal. Here, we report on the genomes of Azolla …

Woese and Fox's 1977 paper on the discovery of the Archaea triggered a revolution in the
field of evolutionary biology by showing that life was divided into not only prokaryotes and …

Establishing a unified timescale for the early evolution of Earth and life is challenging and
mired in controversy because of the paucity of fossil evidence, the difficulty of interpreting it …

Abstract eggNOG is a public resource that provides Orthologous Groups (OGs) of proteins at
different taxonomic levels, each with integrated and summarized functional annotations …

Bacteria influence eukaryotic biology as parasitic, commensal or beneficial symbionts. Aside
from these organismal interactions, bacteria have also been important sources of new …

How horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants
remains a major puzzle. Despite recent progress, defining the overall scale and pattern of …