Lipid molecules are organic compounds, insoluble in water, and based on carbon-carbon
chains that form an integral part of biological cell membranes. As such, lipids are ubiquitous …

The emerging field of astropedology is the study of ancient soils on Earth and other
planetary bodies. Examination of the complex factors that control the preservation of organic …

Martian oceans Page 1 A&G | June 2020 | Vol. 61 | aandg.org 3.11 Martian oceans Zachary
Dickeson and Joel Davis review current morphological observations and future questions about …

A modern trend in the development of laser-based analytical instruments is to integrate more
functions in a single device, which could supply complementary information and improve the …

Most definitions of life assume that, at a minimum, life is a physical form of matter distinct
from its environment at a lower state of entropy than its surroundings, using energy from the …

In this work, we have analyzed natural samples collected at three hydrothermal areas of
Iceland by Raman spectroscopy. The studied high-latitude regions are considered …

Microbial ecology of permafrost, due to its ecological and astrobiological importance, has
been in the focus of studies in past decades. Although permafrost is an ancient and stable …

The particle size, shape, surface texture and composition of aeolian and fluvial sedimentary
samples were analyzed and compared using optical microscope-based automatized image …

Valley networks incising the flanks of Martian volcanoes are potential evidence of
geologically recent fluvial activity, either via geothermal heating of snowmelt and …

The identification and characterisation of subsurface liquid water environments on Mars are
of high scientific interest. Such environments have the potential to support microbial life, and …