This Perspective reviews recent findings in placebo hypoalgesia and provides a conceptual
account of how expectations and experience can lead to placebo hypoalgesia. In particular …

The placebo effect has often been considered a nuisance in basic and particularly clinical
research. This view has gradually changed in recent years due to deeper insight into the …

Pain is highly modifiable by psychological factors, including expectations. However, pain is
a complex phenomenon, and expectations may work by influencing any number of …

Placebo analgesia involves the endogenous opioid system, as administration of the opioid
antagonist naloxone decreases placebo analgesia. To investigate the opioidergic …

The perception of pain is sensitive to various mental processes such as the feelings and
beliefs that someone has about pain. It is therefore not exclusively driven by the noxious …

Background The use of neurorobotic devices may improve gait recovery by entraining
specific brain plasticity mechanisms, which may be a key issue for successful rehabilitation …

The central and autonomic nervous systems can be defined by their anatomical, functional
and neurochemical characteristics, but neither functions in isolation. For example …

Placebo effects in clinical trials have sparked an interest in the placebo phenomenon, both
in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in experimental gastroenterology. RCTs have …

Physical therapists consider many factors in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal
pain. The current literature suggests expectation is an influential component of clinical …

Subjective sensory experiences are constructed by the integration of afferent sensory
information with information about the uniquely personal internal cognitive state. The insular …