Energetic ion beams with diverse energies, species and beam dimensions have been
extensively utilized to modify the properties of materials to achieve versatile applications in …

The software implementations of neuronal systems have shown great effectiveness, even if
the natural hardware separation between the processing and memory areas in computers …

Ethology has shown that animal groups or colonies can perform complex calculation
distributing simple decision-making processes to the group members. For example ant …

We characterize the process of soliton waveguides (SWGs) recording at 405 nm wavelength
using pyroelectric effect in lithium niobate (LN) crystals. We experimentally study and …

We show that self-trapped beams can form in structured monolithic lithium niobate chips. In
particular, they are observed to be unaffected when crossing few hundred microns wide …

We experimentally demonstrate the writing of soliton waveguides in lithium niobate with blue
violet light, at λ= 405 nm. This wavelength, obtained from a low-cost laser diode, allows very …

We show that efficient waveguides can be written by bright spatial solitons in the volume of
lithium niobate photorefractive crystals by cw and pulsed laser beams. Using high-repetition …

Photoinduced channel waveguides are created in the bulk of biased electro-optic Sr 0.61 Ba
0.39 Nb 2 O 6 crystals by a proper combination of crossed lateral illumination waves. The …

The chapter describes the realization of photonic integrated circuits based on
photorefractive solitonic waveguides. In particular, it has been shown that X-junctions …

We report on the comparison of three techniques used for the fabrication of optical
waveguides in erbium doped lithium niobate crystal substrates (Er: LiNbO 3). The …