The utilization of seawater for drinking purposes is limited by the high specific energy
consumption (SEC)(kW-h/m 3) of present desalination technologies; both thermal and …

Water and energy are critical components for human, and govern the growth and progress of
societies. Desalination is an important process to meet ever-increasing water demand …

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising separation technology that can help reducing the
worldwide water-energy stress in a sustainable way. MD uses low-grade thermal energy to …

Membrane distillation (MD) has gained significant regard from industrial and academic
perspective in recent years, thus the frequency of publications related to the field has greatly …

Membrane Distillation (MD) is a thermally-driven separation process, in which only vapour
molecules transfer through a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The driving force in the …

Membrane distillation is a process that utilizes differences in vapor pressure to permeate
water through a macro-porous membrane and reject other non-volatile constituents present …

With an ever-increasing demand in energy, constrained by strict environmental regulations,
process development faces stringent design requirements further limited by intrinsic …

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the vacuum membrane distillation
(VMD) process in regard to its advantages, disadvantages and miscellaneous …

Research on membrane distillation (MD) experienced a slow growth from the 1970s through
90s but has gained revived interest recently. Despite recent developments, MD still has to …

Membrane Distillation (MD) is a membrane-based, temperature-driven water reclamation
process. While research emphasis has been largely on membrane design, upscaling of MD …