Almost 60 years have passed since the initial discovery by Hubel and Wiesel that changes
in neuronal activity can elicit developmental rewiring of the central nervous system (CNS) …

Neurons remodel the structure and strength of their synapses during critical periods of
development in order to optimize both perception and cognition. Many of these …

Developmental myelination is a protracted process in the mammalian brain. One theory for
why oligodendrocytes mature so slowly posits that myelination may stabilize neuronal …

The structural plasticity of synapses is crucial for regulating brain functions. However,
currently available methods for studying synapse organization based on split fluorescent …

Impaired cortical maturation is a postulated mechanism in the etiology of
neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. In the sensory cortex, activity …

Exposing animals to an enriched environment (EE) has dramatic effects on brain structure,
function, and plasticity. The poorly known" EE-derived signals''mediating the EE effects are …

Learning induces the formation of new synapses in addition to changes of existing synapse
strength. However, it remains unclear whether new synapses serve different functions from …

Neuroplasticity, ie, the modifiability of the brain, is different in development and adulthood.
The first includes changes in:(i) neurogenesis and control of neuron number;(ii) neuronal …

Through synaptic connections, long-range circuits transmit information among neurons and
connect different brain regions to form functional motifs and execute specific functions …

For medical and fundamental reasons, we need to understand adult brain plasticity at
several levels: structural, physiological, and behavioral. Historically, brain plasticity has …