Shifts in species distributions are a common ecological response to climate change, and
global temperature rise is often hypothesized as the primary driver. However, the directions …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause devastating impacts to marine life. Despite the
serious consequences of MHWs, our understanding of their drivers is largely based on …

Kelp forests represent some of the most diverse and productive habitats on Earth, and
provide a range of ecosystem goods and services on which human populations depend. As …

Predicting which ecological factors constrain species distributions is a fundamental
ecological question and critical to forecasting geographic responses to global change …

The geographic distributions of marine species are changing rapidly, with leading range
edges following climate poleward, deeper, and in other directions and trailing range edges …

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that
have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence for the responses of …

Climate change is resha** global biodiversity as species respond to changing
temperatures. However, the net effects of climate-driven species redistribution on local …

Aim Species are responding to climate warming by shifting their distributions toward
historically cooler regions, but the degree to which expansions at cool range limits are …