It is well established that greenhouse conditions prevailed during the Cretaceous Period (~
145–66 Ma). Determining the exact nature of the greenhouse-gas forcing, climatic warming …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

Dissolved oxygen (O2) is essential for most ocean ecosystems, fuelling organisms'
respiration and facilitating the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Oxygen measurements have …

Realistic appraisal of paleoclimatic information obtained from a particular location requires
accurate knowledge of its paleolatitude defined relative to the Earth's spin-axis. This is …

Palaeoclimate reconstructions of periods with warm climates and high atmospheric CO2
concentrations are crucial for develo** better projections of future climate change. Deep …

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids are membrane lipids which were long
thought to be synthesized mainly by archaea, organisms thought to be limited to extreme …

Cenozoic temperature, sea level and CO2 covariations provide insights into climate
sensitivity to external forcings and sea-level sensitivity to climate change. Climate sensitivity …

Abstract The Cretaceous Period (145 to 66 Ma) was a prolonged warmhouse to hothouse
period characterized by high atmospheric CO 2 conditions, elevated surface temperatures …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

The Early Eocene, a period of elevated atmospheric CO2 (> 1000 ppmv), is considered an
analog for future climate. Previous modeling attempts have been unable to reproduce major …