Introduction: Allergy results from an aberrant Type 2 inflammatory response, triggered by a
wide range of environmental antigens (allergens) that lead to various immune responses …

Systemic type 2 inflammation encompassing T helper 2 (TH2)-type responses is emerging
as a unifying feature of both classically defined allergic diseases, such as asthma, and a …

The discovery of IgE represented a major breakthrough in allergy and asthma research,
whereas the clinical interest given to IgE in asthma has been blurred until the arrival of anti …

Steroid-resistant asthma comprises an important source of morbidity in patient populations.
TH 17 cells represent a distinct population of CD4+ Th cells that mediate neutrophilic …

Airway inflammation and epithelial remodeling are two key features of asthma. IL-13 and
other cytokines produced during T helper type 2 cell-driven allergic inflammation contribute …

The adaptive arm of the immune system has been suggested as an important factor in brain
function. However, given the fact that interactions of neurons or glial cells with T lymphocytes …

For decades, several axioms have prevailed with respect to the relationships between the
CNS and circulating immune cells. Specifically, immune cell entry was largely considered to …

Animal models of asthma are a tool that allows studies to be conducted in the setting of an
intact immune and respiratory system. These models have highlighted the importance of T …

Background Specific inflammatory pathways are indicated to contribute to severe asthma,
but their individual involvement in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness remains …

Mast cells (MC s) play a central role in tissue homoeostasis, sensing the local environment
through numerous innate cell surface receptors. This enables them to respond rapidly to …