Although water is essential for global health and the socio‐economic development of
modern society, providing fresh water universally in a sustainable and affordable manner …

Nature produces materials using available molecular building blocks following a bottom-up
approach. These materials are formed with great precision and flexibility in a controlled …

Electroconductive hydrogels with excellent electromechanical properties have become
crucial for biomedical applications. In this study, we developed a conductive composite …

Oriented microstructures are widely found in various biological systems for multiple
functions. Such anisotropic structures provide low tortuosity and sufficient surface area …

Articular cartilage, which exhibits toughness and ultralow friction even under high squeezing
pressures, plays an important role in the daily movement of joints. However, joint soft tissue …

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has been widely studied as a biomaterial for tissue
engineering. Most studies focus on mammalian gelatin, but certain factors, such as …

The skin is a “smart”, multifunctional organ that is protective, self-healing and capable of
sensing and many forms of artificial skins have been developed with properties and …

Hydrogels, promising biological materials, need to have both strong mechanical properties
and also inherent self-healing properties. In this work a double cross-linked network (DN) …

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels composed of gelatin and hydroxypropyl
cellulose (HPC) were prepared by successive enzymatic and chemical crosslinking …

Hemorrhage of high intensity usually leads to severe mortality accidents, disaster, and
warfare. The concomitant wound thereby induces immense psychological as well as …