In this paper, we focus on dinoflagellate ecology, toxin production, fossil record, and a
molecular phylogenetic analysis of hosts and plastids. Of ecological interest are the …

After their endosymbiotic acquisition, plastids become intimately connected with the biology
of their host. For example, genes essential for plastid function may be relocated from the …

It is generally accepted that plastids first arose by acquisition of photosynthetic prokaryotic
endosymbionts by non-photosynthetic eukaryotic hosts. It is also accepted that …

Dinoflagellates are an economically and ecologically important eukaryotic algal group. The
organization of their chloroplast genome appears to be radically different from that in plants …

Genome sequencing of Symbiodinium minutum revealed that 95 of 109 plastid-associated
genes have been transferred to the nuclear genome and subsequently expanded by gene …

Dinoflagellates are exemplars of plastid complexity and evolutionary possibility. Their
ordinary plastids are extraordinary, and their extraordinary plastids provide a window into …

Applications of DNA-containing nanomaterials (DNA-NMs) in science and technology are
currently attracting increasing attention in the fields of medicine, environment, engineering …

The complete nucleotide sequence of the plastid genome of the haptophyte Emiliania
huxleyi has been determined. E. huxleyi is the most abundant coccolithophorid and has a …

In the age of synthetic biology, plastid engineering requires a nimble platform to introduce
novel synthetic circuits in plants. While effective for integrating relatively small constructs into …

The endosymbiotic origin of plastids (chloroplasts) from cyanobacteria was a pivotal event in
eukaryotic evolution. By giving certain eukaryotes the ability to carry out photosynthesis it …