BACKGROUND The harvesting of photons is the first step in photosynthesis, the biological
process that transforms solar energy into chemical energy. The photosynthetic membranes …

The frequency of drought periods influences the yield potential of crops under field
conditions. The change in morphology and anatomy of plants has been tested during …

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus versiforme) in amelioration of
drought-induced effects on growth and physio-biochemical attributes in maize (Zea mays L.) …

Aloe vera L. is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. In order to determine
the effects of light intensity and water deficit stress on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and …

The herbal plant Salvia sclarea L.(clary sage) is classified to cadmium (Cd) accumulators
and considered as a potential plant for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil …

Extensive research revealed tremendous details about how plants sense pathogen effectors
during effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, less is known about downstream …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life
on earth by converting light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular …

Chlorophyll a fluorescence is increasingly being used as a rapid, non-invasive, sensitive
and convenient indicator of photosynthetic performance in marine autotrophs. This review …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol, 1, Figure 1) is considered the most multifunctional vitamin in the
human body. 1 It plays key roles in many physiological processes such as vision …

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence is a valuable feature for
the study of photosynthetic organisms' light utilization and dissipation. However, all too often …